Semanatori performante, productivitate si calitate ridicate

Printre factorii care influenteaza rasarirea uniforma a plantelor se afla si utilajul folosit pentru semanat. Gama acestor masini agricole este foarte variata, iar fiecare producator agricol poate opta agricol poate opta poate opta pentru semana toarea adecvata exploatatiei sale. Cererea masinilor de semanat direct in miriste a crescut in ultimii ani. Unele sunt dotate cu sectii de pregatire a patului germinativ, altele realizeaza doar semanatul, fara o pre-alabila prelucrare a solului in fata brazdarelor de semanat. Din prima categorie pot fi mentionate semanatorile Rapid Vaderstad si Horsch Pronto, iar din cea de a doua ctegorie semanatoare Gigante Corsa de la Maschio Gaspardo, semanatori care pot fi folosite atat in teren pregatit, nepregatit sau semipregatit. Semanatoarea RAPID produsa de Vaderstad din Suedia, este considerata o semanatoare polivalenta prin faptul ca poate fi echipata cu diferite organe active in functie de natura solului, prezenta sau absenta resturilor vegetale, continutul de apa din sol si cultura insamantata, asiguranmdu-se astfel un pat germinativ perfect in acelasi timp cu semanatul. Cele doua operatiuni combinate se realizeaza cu o viteza mare de inaintare, de la 13-14 km/h, si o constanta a adancimiide semanat. Pentru pregatirea patului germinativ, in functie de natura terenului, se pot folosi sisteme de organe active. Sistemul Disc este cel mai utilizat datorita polivalentei , eficacitatii si adaptabilitatii lui atat in terenuri lucrate, cat si direct in miriste. Fiecare disc crenelat, usor concav, cu diametrul de 40 cm, este montat individual pe amortizoare de cauciuc. Cele doua randuri de discuri pregatesc terenul pe o adancime de 4-15 cm. Aceste sunt urmate de o sectie formata din doua randuri de dinti modelatori. Urmeaza discurile distribuitaoare de seminte, ce asigura o insamantare uniforma. Distributia semintelor se poate face pneumatic sau mecanic. In spatele sectiei de semanat se afla rotile pneumatice pentru trasarea usoara a solului si realizarea unui bun contact cu samanta-sol. Semanatoarea este dotata cu garpa cu dinti pentru finisarea lucrarii, acestia fiind dispusi intre randuri pentru a nu disloca semintele. Statia de control il asigura pe conducator de buna functionare, fie prin informatiile afisate pe ecran (debitul viteza de absorbtie, cantitatea de samanta din buncar, numarul de hectare semanate, pozitia de marcatorilor), fie prin alarma sonora in cazul unor incidente, permitand astfel verificarea rapida si usoara a unei defectiuni. Transportul in afara sarcinii de lucru este rapid si sigur, plierea in acest caz se realizeaza automatic pe 3 m, indiferent de latimea de lucru (3; 4; 4,5; 5; 6 sau 8 m). Pretul acestor semanatori varieaza intre 40.000 – 70.000 de euro pentru cele pneumatice. In Romania se afla aproximativ 200 de astfel de semanatori importate prin societatea Tadis Agro. SC Dumalex Company 98 SRL a achizitionat aul trecut o semanatoare Rapid Vaderstad, cu o latime de lucru de 6 m.(...). Semanatoarea Horsch Pronto DC/AC functioneaza pe principiul "consolidare-semanat- tasare intr-o singura trecere", asigurand incorporarea semintei cu precizie in orce situatie, la o viteza de deplasare de peste 12 km/h. In functie de conditiile utilizatorilor se poate opta pentru sistemul Disc sau sistemulGrapa cu sape rotative. Nivelarea pe toata latimea de lucru si consolidare in benzi pregteste terenul uniform pentru fiecare brazdar. Tavalugul taseaza solul in benzi in fata fiecarui brazdar, corectandu-se denivelarile solului, bulgarii mari sunt maruntiti si se creaza conditii optime pentru fiecare brazdar. Anvelopele tavalugului tasator pot fi umplute cu o spuma speciala pentru cresterea rezistentei pe solurile bolovanoase (nu se face pene si zdrobirea bolovanilor se face mai usor). Brazdarul cu disc dublu este prevazut cu amortizor, altfel opune rezistenta la inaintare si asigura un contact optim al semintei cu solul. Buncarele pentru samanta au un volum de pana la 3.500 l, ceea ce asigura reducerea timpilor de incarcare si transport si cresterea rentabilitatii. Unitatea de comanda de la bord controleaza permanent toate valorile de reglaj ca : dimensiunea de semanat. Viteza, turatia si realizarea de carari tehnologice. Orice abatere de la valoriler reglate, inclusiv infundarea unui furtun de transport seminte, este semanlizata imediat conducatorului utilajului. SC Procera Agrochemicals SRL a achizitionat anul trecut on semanatoare Horsch cu latimea de lucru de 4 m. "Cu o astfel de semanatoare s-a facut o economie de 50 de l motorina pentru un hectar de grau. Are o productivitate de 60-70 ha/24 h si asigura o rasarire uniforma".(...). « Sistemul de semanat direct este procedura prin care semanatul se face direct in sol nelucrat, renuntandu-se la orice fel de lucrare a solului. Bazele stiintifice ale acestui sistem au fost puse in SUA la cultura de porumb, de unde s-a raspandit repede si in alte state , sub denumirea de "minimum tillage". Aceasta noua metoda a pornit de la necesitatea de protejare a solului impotriva eroziuniisi a degradarii sub actiunea mecanica a uneltelor, a afirmat Daniela Culda, departamentul Marketing al Maschio-Gaspardo Romania. Modelul Gigante Corsa – Maschio Gasparado este recomandat pentru orice tip de cultura de cereale paioase, soia, rapita si alte plante furajere. Este o semanatoare pneumatica pentru insamantare directa care asigura printr-o singura trecere o distributie uniforma a semintelor si o fertilizare precisa. Adancimea de semanat este precisa si constanta datorita limitatorilor reglabili in inaltime si in functie de umiditatea solului si structura acestuia. Modelul este disponibil in variante de 4 ; 6 si 9 metri latime de lucru, avand multiple dotari in versiunea standard : grapa acoperire seminte, actionare oleodinamica a turbinei, roata din fonta pentru tasare, marcator hidraulic. Puterea tractorului varieaza intre 130-300 CP. Astfel, in conditiile utilizarii unui tractor adecvat, productivitatea acestor semanatori ajunfe la 80 Ha in 24 de ore. Acest echipament nu are niciun element de pregatire a solului, singurul contact cu acesta fiind o roata cu un disc deschizator de brazda ceea ce permite folosirea utilajului in conditii extreme : prezenta masiva de resturi vegetale sau in conditii de umiditate excesiva in sol . Avantajele acestor semanatori sunt atat de natura agrotehnica, cat si economica. Din punct de vedere agrotehnic are loc o crestere a continutului de humus, se imbunatateste structura solului, creste porozitatea si cantitatea de apa disponibila plantelor, prin stratul de mulci se impiedica atat formarea crustei, cat si eroziunea solului, creste numarul microorganismelor din sol. Economic vorbind, se seamana suprafete mari in timp scurt, ceea ce inseamna productivitate buna datorita economisirii de timp, energie si munca. Prin semanatul direct se economiseste motorina, contribuind astfel la reducerea extensiilor de dioxid de carbon in atmosfera si implicit la reducerea efectului de sera.

Data adaugarii: 02.11.2006 Sursa Agri Plus

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